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Java Community | Help. Code. Learn.•12mo ago

The Typhothanian

Make JavaFX Image Nearest Neighbor (every frame, multiple times per frame)

I'm making a voxel game with JavaFX as a base. No, I'm not using PerspectiveCamera, I'm making my own engine. The issue is that javafx makes images smoothed when they are stretched, which is ABSOLUTELY STUPID AND I HATE IT. You see, voxel games have low resolution textures (something like 16x16), and when you get up close and personal with a block, that could be stretched to thousands of pixels if you have a good monitor. I have tried: - Changing requested width and height in image constructor (this kinda works, but memory inefficient) - Setting fit width and height in image view - Looking through javafx.scene.effects to see if there's an effect to set the smoothing to 0 - Asking chatgpt - Searching for about 5 hours on google - Using Canvas (PerspectiveTransform doesn't work, so no good) - Using java swing BufferedImage - Looking in the javafx code Some things that would work but are too slow to be run many times per frame: - Pixel Reader/Writer resizing - Loading image from disk with different RW+H - Loading image from disk to byte[], then using ByteArrayInputStream - Processing every pixel with canvas I feel like I forgot one or two things in those lists, but those are enough things for you to (hopefully) understand my frustration. I don't really want to use external libraries as I want no ties to anything other than JavaFX, but if there is no other way, I can do it. After writing this, I feel like I forgot to clarify what I mean by "smoothing". Image 1 is what I want it to look like (done with RW+H, but that's inefficient), and image 2 is what it looks like normally.

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89 Replies

JavaBot•12mo ago

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The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Yes, I know that the textures are rotated wrong and are on the wrong faces, I'll fix that later.

tjoener•12mo ago

What are you rendering with, trianglemesh? and phongshading?

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Neither, as I said, I am using my own engine That's adding an image view and setting the effect of the IV to a PerspectiveTransform

Unknown User•12mo ago

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The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

How do I do that?

tjoener•12mo ago

Sooo, using Graphics(2D)?

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Wdym GraphicsContext2D? If so, then no. Hello?

tjoener•12mo ago

Show me some drawing code So I can figure it out lol

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

K Projection code:

package net.typho.pnegative.rendering;

import javafx.geometry.Point2D;
import javafx.geometry.Point3D;
import net.typho.pnegative.PNegative;

import static java.lang.Math.*;
import static net.typho.pnegative.PNegative.camera;

public class Projection {
    public static Matrix perspective = new Matrix(), view = new Matrix();
    public static double fov = 120, near = 0, far = 5000;

    public static void update() {
        double cos = cos(toRadians(camera.rotX())),
                sin = sin(toRadians(camera.rotX()));
        view.data = new double[][]{ // rot x
                {1, 0, 0, 0},
                {0, cos, -sin, 0},
                {0, sin, cos, 0},
                {0, 0, 0, 1}
        };

        cos = cos(toRadians(camera.rotY()));
        sin = sin(toRadians(camera.rotY()));
        view.mul(new double[][]{ // rot y
                {cos, 0, sin, 0},
                {0, 1, 0, 0},
                {-sin, 0, cos, 0},
                {0, 0, 0, 1}
        });

        cos = cos(toRadians(camera.rotZ()));
        sin = sin(toRadians(camera.rotZ()));
        view.mul(new double[][]{ // rot z
                {cos, -sin, 0, 0},
                {sin, cos, 0, 0},
                {0, 0, 1, 0},
                {0, 0, 0, 1}
        });

        view.mul(new double[][]{ // pos
                {1, 0, 0, -camera.posX()},
                {0, 1, 0, -camera.posY()},
                {0, 0, 1, -camera.posZ()},
                {0, 0, 0, 1}
        });

        double f = 1 / tan(toRadians(fov) / 2);
        perspective.data = new double[][]{
                {f / (PNegative.width.get() / PNegative.height.get()), 0, 0, 0},
                {0, f, 0, 0},
                {0, 0, (far + near) / (near - far), (2 * far * near) / (near - far)},
                {0, 0, -1, 0}
        };
        perspective.mul(view.data);
    }
}

package net.typho.pnegative.rendering;

import javafx.geometry.Point2D;
import javafx.geometry.Point3D;
import net.typho.pnegative.PNegative;

import static java.lang.Math.*;
import static net.typho.pnegative.PNegative.camera;

public class Projection {
    public static Matrix perspective = new Matrix(), view = new Matrix();
    public static double fov = 120, near = 0, far = 5000;

    public static void update() {
        double cos = cos(toRadians(camera.rotX())),
                sin = sin(toRadians(camera.rotX()));
        view.data = new double[][]{ // rot x
                {1, 0, 0, 0},
                {0, cos, -sin, 0},
                {0, sin, cos, 0},
                {0, 0, 0, 1}
        };

        cos = cos(toRadians(camera.rotY()));
        sin = sin(toRadians(camera.rotY()));
        view.mul(new double[][]{ // rot y
                {cos, 0, sin, 0},
                {0, 1, 0, 0},
                {-sin, 0, cos, 0},
                {0, 0, 0, 1}
        });

        cos = cos(toRadians(camera.rotZ()));
        sin = sin(toRadians(camera.rotZ()));
        view.mul(new double[][]{ // rot z
                {cos, -sin, 0, 0},
                {sin, cos, 0, 0},
                {0, 0, 1, 0},
                {0, 0, 0, 1}
        });

        view.mul(new double[][]{ // pos
                {1, 0, 0, -camera.posX()},
                {0, 1, 0, -camera.posY()},
                {0, 0, 1, -camera.posZ()},
                {0, 0, 0, 1}
        });

        double f = 1 / tan(toRadians(fov) / 2);
        perspective.data = new double[][]{
                {f / (PNegative.width.get() / PNegative.height.get()), 0, 0, 0},
                {0, f, 0, 0},
                {0, 0, (far + near) / (near - far), (2 * far * near) / (near - far)},
                {0, 0, -1, 0}
        };
        perspective.mul(view.data);
    }
}

    public static Point2D project(Point3D point) {
        double[] homogeneousPoint = {point.getX(), point.getY(), point.getZ(), 1};
        double[] projectedPoint = new double[4];

        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
                projectedPoint[i] += perspective.data[i][j] * homogeneousPoint[j];
            }
        }

        if (projectedPoint[3] != 0) {
            projectedPoint[0] /= projectedPoint[3];
            projectedPoint[1] /= projectedPoint[3];
        }

        return new Point2D((projectedPoint[0] + 0.5) * PNegative.width.get(), (projectedPoint[1] + 0.5) * PNegative.height.get());
    }

    public static class Matrix {
        private double[][] data;

        Matrix() {
            identity();
        }

        public void mul(double[][] matrix) {
            int rows = this.data.length;
            int cols = matrix[0].length;
            int common = this.data[0].length;
            double[][] newMatrix = new double[rows][common];

            for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
                    for (int k = 0; k < common; k++) {
                        newMatrix[i][j] += this.data[i][k] * matrix[k][j];
                    }
                }
            }

            this.data = newMatrix;
        }

        public void identity() {
            data = new double[][]{
                    {1, 0, 0, 0},
                    {0, 1, 0, 0},
                    {0, 0, 1, 0},
                    {0, 0, 0, 1}
            };
        }
    }

    public static Point2D project(Point3D point) {
        double[] homogeneousPoint = {point.getX(), point.getY(), point.getZ(), 1};
        double[] projectedPoint = new double[4];

        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
                projectedPoint[i] += perspective.data[i][j] * homogeneousPoint[j];
            }
        }

        if (projectedPoint[3] != 0) {
            projectedPoint[0] /= projectedPoint[3];
            projectedPoint[1] /= projectedPoint[3];
        }

        return new Point2D((projectedPoint[0] + 0.5) * PNegative.width.get(), (projectedPoint[1] + 0.5) * PNegative.height.get());
    }

    public static class Matrix {
        private double[][] data;

        Matrix() {
            identity();
        }

        public void mul(double[][] matrix) {
            int rows = this.data.length;
            int cols = matrix[0].length;
            int common = this.data[0].length;
            double[][] newMatrix = new double[rows][common];

            for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
                    for (int k = 0; k < common; k++) {
                        newMatrix[i][j] += this.data[i][k] * matrix[k][j];
                    }
                }
            }

            this.data = newMatrix;
        }

        public void identity() {
            data = new double[][]{
                    {1, 0, 0, 0},
                    {0, 1, 0, 0},
                    {0, 0, 1, 0},
                    {0, 0, 0, 1}
            };
        }
    }

tjoener•12mo ago

if you format them, after the 3 backticks, type java so you have syntax highlighting

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Like how? just put java after the backticks?

tjoener•12mo ago

yeah You can even just edit your pasted code much better 😉

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

There So, that is the projection code

tjoener•12mo ago

Yeah seems normal

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

I just call the project method to get 3d to 2d

tjoener•12mo ago

Where's the drawing code?

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

That is approximately 500 lines and is not needed for this, so I'll just explain the important parts

tjoener•12mo ago

yeah, but your projection has nothing to do with the smoothing... That's all in the drawing code import static java.lang.Math.*; also gross lol 😄 I hate static imports

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Well I don't have the old simplified version I have two Math classes one sec im typing I keep pasting but it becomes a text file, that okay?

tjoener•12mo ago

sure

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

message.txt

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Hmm, you can't view that in discord Hold on

tjoener•12mo ago

https://openjfx.io/javadoc/21/javafx.graphics/javafx/scene/transform/Affine.html

Affine (JavaFX 21)

declaration: module: javafx.graphics, package: javafx.scene.transform, class: Affine

tjoener•12mo ago

You do know that exists?

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

I have absolutely no clue what that is Well, too late for that to help me. Wish I found that two weeks ago It took me two days to make that projection matrix Anyway, here's the important part of the draw code:

    default List<Node> draw(Map<Point3D, Point2D> projectedPoints, Point3D[] absolutePoints) {
        List<Node> nodes = new ArrayList<>();

        int i = 0;
        for (int[] face : indices) {
            Point2D a = projectedPoints.get(absolutePoints[face[0]]),
                    b = projectedPoints.get(absolutePoints[face[1]]),
                    c = projectedPoints.get(absolutePoints[face[2]]),
                    d = projectedPoints.get(absolutePoints[face[3]]);

            if ((a.getX() * b.getY() + b.getX() * c.getY() + c.getX() * d.getY() + d.getX() * a.getY()) -
                    (b.getX() * a.getY() + c.getX() * b.getY() + d.getX() * c.getY() + a.getX() * d.getY()) < 0) {
                nodes.add(new ProjectedFace(
                        getFace(i, range(a.getX(), b.getX(), c.getX(), d.getX()).doubleValue(), range(a.getY(), b.getY(), c.getY(), d.getY()).doubleValue()),
                        this,
                        i,
                        a, b, c, d
                ));
            }

            i++;
        }

        return nodes;
    }

    default List<Node> draw(Map<Point3D, Point2D> projectedPoints, Point3D[] absolutePoints) {
        List<Node> nodes = new ArrayList<>();

        int i = 0;
        for (int[] face : indices) {
            Point2D a = projectedPoints.get(absolutePoints[face[0]]),
                    b = projectedPoints.get(absolutePoints[face[1]]),
                    c = projectedPoints.get(absolutePoints[face[2]]),
                    d = projectedPoints.get(absolutePoints[face[3]]);

            if ((a.getX() * b.getY() + b.getX() * c.getY() + c.getX() * d.getY() + d.getX() * a.getY()) -
                    (b.getX() * a.getY() + c.getX() * b.getY() + d.getX() * c.getY() + a.getX() * d.getY()) < 0) {
                nodes.add(new ProjectedFace(
                        getFace(i, range(a.getX(), b.getX(), c.getX(), d.getX()).doubleValue(), range(a.getY(), b.getY(), c.getY(), d.getY()).doubleValue()),
                        this,
                        i,
                        a, b, c, d
                ));
            }

            i++;
        }

        return nodes;
    }

tjoener•12mo ago

Time for a refactor 🙂 ProjectedFace Can you send that one?

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

hold on The P3D[] is 8 points, and those absolute points are after it has been moved and rotated and such, don't need that part ProjectedFace is just an ImageView with extra stuff for block placing/breaking:

package net.typho.pnegative.rendering;

import javafx.geometry.Point2D;
import javafx.scene.effect.PerspectiveTransform;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.scene.shape.Polyline;
import javafx.scene.shape.Shape;
import javafx.scene.shape.StrokeLineJoin;
import net.typho.pnegative.world.ModelBox;

public class ProjectedFace extends ImageView {
    public final ModelBox box;
    public final int ordinal;
    public final Point2D[] points;

    public ProjectedFace(Image image, ModelBox box, int ordinal, Point2D... points) {
        super(image);

        this.box = box;
        this.ordinal = ordinal;
        this.points = points;
        setEffect(
                new PerspectiveTransform(
                        points[2].getX(), points[2].getY(),
                        points[3].getX(), points[3].getY(),
                        points[0].getX(), points[0].getY(),
                        points[1].getX(), points[1].getY()
                )
        );
    }

    public Polyline getOutline() {
        return new Polyline(
                points[0].getX(), points[0].getY(),
                points[1].getX(), points[1].getY(),
                points[2].getX(), points[2].getY(),
                points[3].getX(), points[3].getY(),
                points[0].getX(), points[0].getY()
        ) {{
            setStrokeWidth(5);
            setStrokeLineJoin(StrokeLineJoin.ROUND);
        }};
    }
}

package net.typho.pnegative.rendering;

import javafx.geometry.Point2D;
import javafx.scene.effect.PerspectiveTransform;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.scene.shape.Polyline;
import javafx.scene.shape.Shape;
import javafx.scene.shape.StrokeLineJoin;
import net.typho.pnegative.world.ModelBox;

public class ProjectedFace extends ImageView {
    public final ModelBox box;
    public final int ordinal;
    public final Point2D[] points;

    public ProjectedFace(Image image, ModelBox box, int ordinal, Point2D... points) {
        super(image);

        this.box = box;
        this.ordinal = ordinal;
        this.points = points;
        setEffect(
                new PerspectiveTransform(
                        points[2].getX(), points[2].getY(),
                        points[3].getX(), points[3].getY(),
                        points[0].getX(), points[0].getY(),
                        points[1].getX(), points[1].getY()
                )
        );
    }

    public Polyline getOutline() {
        return new Polyline(
                points[0].getX(), points[0].getY(),
                points[1].getX(), points[1].getY(),
                points[2].getX(), points[2].getY(),
                points[3].getX(), points[3].getY(),
                points[0].getX(), points[0].getY()
        ) {{
            setStrokeWidth(5);
            setStrokeLineJoin(StrokeLineJoin.ROUND);
        }};
    }
}

Ignore the getOutline method

tjoener•12mo ago

aaah, that's an imageview ok

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

I have no clue why I have to do 2, 3, 0, 1 instead of 0, 1, 2, 3, but whatever

tjoener•12mo ago

ok, in the constructor of projectedface add setSmooth(false); And see if that works

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Tried that didnt work

tjoener•12mo ago

What does that do?

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

setSmooth?

tjoener•12mo ago

yeah, what does the output look like if you do that

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

No difference for true or false At least, not that I can see Ah yes I have claimed the 69th message (this is it)

tjoener•12mo ago

Yeah, unfortunately imageview does not allow nearest neighbor filtering

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

And that's stupid Do you know what method smooths it, so I can override it in my projected face and be done?

tjoener•12mo ago

None really, the property sets something internal in the rendering engine

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

UGH

tjoener•12mo ago

lemme check rq how it works

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Yeah, back when I was trying out the PerspectiveCamera thingy, I got around this by setting the diffuse color to black and setting the SIM to the image. That screwed up lighting but I wasn't planning on using the built-in light engine anyway Then I decided to make my own engine and have it super optimized for my game

tjoener•12mo ago

My idea, grab a canvas, grab it's graphics

    @Override
    protected void renderContent(Graphics g) {
        int imgW = image.getWidth();
        int imgH = image.getHeight();

        ResourceFactory factory = g.getResourceFactory();
        int maxSize = maxSizeWrapper(factory);
        if (imgW <= maxSize && imgH <= maxSize) {
            Texture texture = factory.getCachedTexture(image, Texture.WrapMode.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
            if (coords == null) {
                g.drawTexture(texture, x, y, x + w, y + h, 0, 0, imgW, imgH);
            } else {
                coords.draw(texture, g, x, y);
            }
            texture.unlock();
        } else {
            if (compoundImage == null) compoundImage = new CachingCompoundImage(image, maxSize);
            // coords is null iff there was no viewport specified, but
            // MegaCoords needs a non-null Coords so we create a dummy one
            if (coords == null) coords = new Coords(w, h, new ViewPort(0, 0, imgW, imgH));
            if (compoundCoords == null) compoundCoords = new CompoundCoords(compoundImage, coords);
            compoundCoords.draw(g, compoundImage, x, y);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void renderContent(Graphics g) {
        int imgW = image.getWidth();
        int imgH = image.getHeight();

        ResourceFactory factory = g.getResourceFactory();
        int maxSize = maxSizeWrapper(factory);
        if (imgW <= maxSize && imgH <= maxSize) {
            Texture texture = factory.getCachedTexture(image, Texture.WrapMode.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
            if (coords == null) {
                g.drawTexture(texture, x, y, x + w, y + h, 0, 0, imgW, imgH);
            } else {
                coords.draw(texture, g, x, y);
            }
            texture.unlock();
        } else {
            if (compoundImage == null) compoundImage = new CachingCompoundImage(image, maxSize);
            // coords is null iff there was no viewport specified, but
            // MegaCoords needs a non-null Coords so we create a dummy one
            if (coords == null) coords = new Coords(w, h, new ViewPort(0, 0, imgW, imgH));
            if (compoundCoords == null) compoundCoords = new CompoundCoords(compoundImage, coords);
            compoundCoords.draw(g, compoundImage, x, y);
        }
    }

This is the full render of the underlying imageview Seems easy enough to just do that drawing by hand

    public void draw(Texture t, Graphics g, float x, float y) {
        g.drawTexture(t,
                      x + x0, y + y0, x + x1, y + y1,
                      u0, v0, u1, v1);
    }

    public void draw(Texture t, Graphics g, float x, float y) {
        g.drawTexture(t,
                      x + x0, y + y0, x + x1, y + y1,
                      u0, v0, u1, v1);
    }

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Protected means I can't override it, right? Or is that final?

tjoener•12mo ago

And this is the draw for that coords thing That's in a different class NGImageView, can't get to that

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

So the render content is in IV?

tjoener•12mo ago

nope, NGImageView

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

absolute displeasure

tjoener•12mo ago

Yeah, image views are not meant to render textures Plus you're only getting an affine transform

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

And the draw method is where?

tjoener•12mo ago

I believe that will give you PS1 textures 🙂 that's what coords.draw does in the first listing

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

First listing?

tjoener•12mo ago

in rendercontent

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Okay, I'm getting confused. What are you suggesting again? I got 26 min then I have to go

tjoener•12mo ago

So, grab a canvas, grab it's graphics, and do the draw manually

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

GraphicsContext2D?

tjoener•12mo ago

Although that might not be enough I think if you really wan't a 3d engine, javafx is not going to cut it Unless you're happy with the smoothing

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Oh, it is going to cut it as LWJGL is impossible to work with Lets see...

tjoener•12mo ago

lwjgl is just opengl, it's not that hard

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

It is if there's no tutorials at all

tjoener•12mo ago

There's always the trick of just scaling your image 16 times with nearest neighbor in a photo editor and using that the smoothing will be less as you already start from a larger image, so less scaling is needed

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Yeah, but 1. Takes up too much memory and 2. can still be blurry when close up

tjoener•12mo ago

yeah

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

And I can do that in image constructor Hold on, lemme implement the canvas thing and i'll get back to you

tjoener•12mo ago

It's more for 2d drawing

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

whatevs What's this ImageObserver thing I'm seeing in Graphics.drawImage? tjoener? nvmd was using wrong class I have that implemented, but I'm just seeing a white screen?

tjoener•12mo ago

should render fine, I've done canvas before Might need to reposition things

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

hmm I'm stupid, the canvas is 0 by 0 ARGH the canvas gc doesn't have x1 y1 to x2 y2, it has x y w h And I have no clue how to do the transform thing

tjoener•12mo ago

like I said, might not be the best tool for the job

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Hmm Well, in LWJGL, I had the exact same issue. Do you know how Minecraft fixes it? And I gtg in 2 min

tjoener•12mo ago

with the fuzzy rendering?

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Yeah Maybe it could give me a nudge in the right direction

tjoener•12mo ago

Yeah, there's a shader calculation you have to make

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

oh great

tjoener•12mo ago

or GL_NEAREST but that might not be enough

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Welp, I know exactly what I'm doing tomorrow. Figuring out an efficient algorithm to replace PT. It feels like only two weeks ago I had to make a complex mathematical program for my game Oh wait, it was two weeks ago Well, gtg. ill post the code here once i figure it out, dont close the thread

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The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

uh huh i know

tjoener•12mo ago

Yeah, if you thought you could do game programming, or writing your own engine with only a little math, boy do I have news for you

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The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

I'm almost there

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The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

I tried canvas but it was too laggy for just two blocks

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

I cannot express my supreme amount of disappointment.

No description

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

@tjoener Do you know how I would go about making my own window manager? I just need mouse and keyboard input, and direct access to each pixel on the screen.

tjoener•12mo ago

eeeeh I have no idea what you're actually trying to make

The TyphothanianOP•12mo ago

Me neither But, like I said, the canvas is too laggy, so I want to try making something like GLFW. Screw it I'm using GLFW

tjoener•12mo ago

use lwjgl then at least

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