C#•4w ago

Help designing classes for a game

using System;
using System.Drawing;

namespace Breakout
{
    //*************************************************************
    //Enums
    //*************************************************************
    public enum MenuStates { Start, None };
    internal class Menu
    {
        //*************************************************************
        //Fields
        //*************************************************************
        private MenuStates mMenuState;

        //*************************************************************
        //Constructors
        //*************************************************************
        public Menu()
        {

        }

        //*************************************************************
        //Properties
        //*************************************************************


        //*************************************************************
        //Methods
        //*************************************************************
        public void Draw(Graphics g)
        {

        }

    }
}

using System;
using System.Drawing;

namespace Breakout
{
    //*************************************************************
    //Enums
    //*************************************************************
    public enum MenuStates { Start, None };
    internal class Menu
    {
        //*************************************************************
        //Fields
        //*************************************************************
        private MenuStates mMenuState;

        //*************************************************************
        //Constructors
        //*************************************************************
        public Menu()
        {

        }

        //*************************************************************
        //Properties
        //*************************************************************


        //*************************************************************
        //Methods
        //*************************************************************
        public void Draw(Graphics g)
        {

        }

    }
}

Have to design a menu class for a game assignments I'm working in Windows form using my teachers template. I posted somthing similar today earlier but found out my code wasn't any good. I can share the actual file on GitHub if anyone is interested in helping me out or guiding me through it https://github.com/SonicArray3/Breakout

23 Replies

Array•4w ago

Breakout begins with eight rows of bricks, with two rows each of a different color. The color order from the bottom up is yellow, green, orange and red. Using a single ball, the player must knock down as many bricks as possible by using the walls and/or the paddle below to hit the ball against the bricks and eliminate them. If the player's paddle misses the ball's rebound, they will lose a turn. The player has three turns to try to clear two screens of bricks. Yellow bricks earn one point each, green bricks earn three points, orange bricks earn five points and the top-level red bricks score seven points each. The paddle shrinks to one-half its size after the ball has broken through the red row and hit the upper wall. Ball speed increases at specific intervals: after four hits, after twelve hits, and after making contact with the orange and red rows. You are to use these rules to implement Level 1 of your game. Additional levels can contain other colour bricks with other scoring values. You must include bricks that have special features such as: • Bricks that never disappear • Bricks that require multiple hits in order to disappear (maybe change colour) • Bricks that change the ball speed or size (speed up or slow down) • Bricks that drop items when hit that when caught by a paddle, a paddle effect is added (such as longer or shorter paddle, ability to fire bullets at bricks) game description

Array•4w ago

I just want it to look like this lol

Array•4w ago

With a background n stuff, maybe a slight tutorial

Anton•4w ago

The repo is private

Array•4w ago

Dang I added you to it

Anton•4w ago

Can't you make it public? First thing -- learn about gitignore and how to commit to git How to use git locally Second thing -- use modern project files They support winforms

Array•4w ago

Sorry if this is a silly question but what does it mean to commit to git? This is my last assignment of the school year and my teacher wants us to just use the template he has given Thanks for this suggestion - alot of the time I ask this in the server people tell me similarly But since my teacher usually provides the templates I can’t really adjust it Any tips on the actual code I can implement

Anton•4w ago

Read on git. Not github. Git specifically. Git basics. Then you'll understand. This is one of the first things you should learn and it should only take you a couple hours. https://github.com/SonicArray3/Breakout/blob/9d912288327dc6109cb9ca8a50375dd0c3673f11/Breakout%20-%20Student-20240603T140721Z-001/Breakout%20-%20Student/Bricks.cs#L10 Why is this empty? Oh So you haven't done anything yet I see What do you know about games? Have you made any games before? Have you heard of an "event loop"? Have you learned how to simulate physics in your class? At least some basic concepts like direction vectors, velocity, projections on x and y axes, how to handle collisions between a ball and a block @Array What's your level at all in this

Array•4w ago

Yeah I am just starting, not 100% sure what to implement at the start I have done another game using Vectors called Asteroid Shooter But it wasn’t using classes or OOP just done in the main Form1.cs I thought I would get started with a menu bc it is the one with no components of the actual game

Anton•4w ago

Is it being OOP part of the class? In my class, I had the prof make us use inheritance to make tetris. I just didn't do it, because it's stupid Hopefully you're not forced to use inheritance at least Inheritance is really bad for games specifically

Array•4w ago

Unfort I have to use the Breakout library in the Form1.cs window, it's out of my control 😦 Yeah We learned it this year By the way I'll upload the code I did with the asteroid shooter, involving vectors Sorry for such a long window of time before my responses, my sister graduated Uni today! So I was out for most of the day

Array•4w ago

Form1.cs

Array•4w ago

@Anton Here's how I did it without OOP making an asteroid shooter type of gam I used vectors here so I am degree with them to a degree Or does anyone have suggestions for what I could put into the menu class Like I am just not sure what to put specifically or how to make it any help much appreicated stuck

Anton•4w ago

Just write the game in a single file and split things away when you find it makes what you're doing easier Do you have to use polymorphism? If by OOP they just mean methods on objects, it's easy If they mean polymorphism as well, you'll have to abstract more things Maybe like a drawable abstraction for displaying objects or whatever And you'll likely want to separate the view and the model that is, display logic from the game logic Just methods that deal with scene transitions I imagine The idea is probably that you have the logic that does transitions separated from the logic that builds up the ui

Array•4w ago

It’s kind hard to do that given the template tho like I have to use things like the internal class, menu system, and enum in the way he’s done it

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Breakout
{
    //*************************************************************
    //Enums
    //*************************************************************
    public enum MenuStates { Start, None };
    internal class Menu
    {
        //*************************************************************
        //Fields
        //*************************************************************
        private MenuStates mMenuState;

        //*************************************************************
        //Constructors
        //*************************************************************
        public Menu()
        {
            // Set the inital state of the menu
            mMenuState = MenuStates.None;
        }

        //*************************************************************
        //Properties
        //*************************************************************
        public MenuStates State
        {
            get { return mMenuState; }
            set { mMenuState = value; }
        }
        

        //*************************************************************
        //Methods
        //*************************************************************
        public void Draw(Graphics g)
        {
            //Draw the menu based on the current state 
            if (mMenuState == MenuStates.Start)
            {
                Font font = new Font("Arial", 24, FontStyle.Bold);
                Brush brush = Brushes.White;

                g.DrawString("Breakout", font, brush, new PointF(100, 100));

                //Draw the instructions
                font = new Font("Arial", 16, FontStyle.Regular);
                g.DrawString("Press Enter to Start", font, brush, new PointF(100, 150));

            }
        }
        

    }
}

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Breakout
{
    //*************************************************************
    //Enums
    //*************************************************************
    public enum MenuStates { Start, None };
    internal class Menu
    {
        //*************************************************************
        //Fields
        //*************************************************************
        private MenuStates mMenuState;

        //*************************************************************
        //Constructors
        //*************************************************************
        public Menu()
        {
            // Set the inital state of the menu
            mMenuState = MenuStates.None;
        }

        //*************************************************************
        //Properties
        //*************************************************************
        public MenuStates State
        {
            get { return mMenuState; }
            set { mMenuState = value; }
        }
        

        //*************************************************************
        //Methods
        //*************************************************************
        public void Draw(Graphics g)
        {
            //Draw the menu based on the current state 
            if (mMenuState == MenuStates.Start)
            {
                Font font = new Font("Arial", 24, FontStyle.Bold);
                Brush brush = Brushes.White;

                g.DrawString("Breakout", font, brush, new PointF(100, 100));

                //Draw the instructions
                font = new Font("Arial", 16, FontStyle.Regular);
                g.DrawString("Press Enter to Start", font, brush, new PointF(100, 150));

            }
        }
        

    }
}

@Anton thoughts so far?

Anton•4w ago

ok write some more code there's nothing to abstract yet

Array•3w ago

Yeah I need to work on the other classes I was just wondering for the Menu class is this fine I'll try working on the paddle class

using System;
using System.Drawing;


namespace Breakout
{
    internal class Paddle
    {
        //*************************************************************
        //Fields
        //*************************************************************
        private int mWidth;
        private int mHeight;
        private int mPosX;
        private int mPosY;
        private int mSpeed;
        private Rectangle mBounds;

        //*************************************************************
        //Constructors
        //*************************************************************
        public Paddle(int StartX, int StartY, int PaddleWidth, int PaddleHeight, int PaddleSpeed)
        {
            mPosX = StartX;
            mPosY = StartY;
            mWidth = PaddleWidth;
            mHeight = PaddleHeight;
            mSpeed = PaddleSpeed;
            UpdateBounds();
        }

        //*************************************************************
        //Properties
        //*************************************************************
        public int X
        {
            get { return mPosX; }
            set
            {
                mPosX = value;
                UpdateBounds();
            }
        }

        public int Y
        {
            get { return mPosY; }
            set
            {
                mPosY = value;
                UpdateBounds();
            }
        }

        public int Width
        {
            get { return mWidth; }
            set
            {
                mWidth = value;
                UpdateBounds();
            }
        }

        public int Height
        {
            get { return mHeight; }
            set
            {
                mHeight = value;
                UpdateBounds();
            }
        }

        public Rectangle Bounds
        {
            get { return mBounds; }
        }

        //*************************************************************
        //Methods
        //*************************************************************
        public void Draw(Graphics g, int x, int y)
        {
            Brush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Blue);
            g.FillRectangle(brush, x, y, mWidth, mHeight);
            brush.Dispose();
        }
        public void MoveLeft()
        {
            mPosX -= mSpeed;
            UpdateBounds();
        }

        public void MoveRight()
        {
            mPosX += mSpeed;
            UpdateBounds();
        }

        private void UpdateBounds()
        {
            mBounds = new Rectangle(mPosX, mPosY, mWidth, mHeight);
        }

    }
}

using System;
using System.Drawing;


namespace Breakout
{
    internal class Paddle
    {
        //*************************************************************
        //Fields
        //*************************************************************
        private int mWidth;
        private int mHeight;
        private int mPosX;
        private int mPosY;
        private int mSpeed;
        private Rectangle mBounds;

        //*************************************************************
        //Constructors
        //*************************************************************
        public Paddle(int StartX, int StartY, int PaddleWidth, int PaddleHeight, int PaddleSpeed)
        {
            mPosX = StartX;
            mPosY = StartY;
            mWidth = PaddleWidth;
            mHeight = PaddleHeight;
            mSpeed = PaddleSpeed;
            UpdateBounds();
        }

        //*************************************************************
        //Properties
        //*************************************************************
        public int X
        {
            get { return mPosX; }
            set
            {
                mPosX = value;
                UpdateBounds();
            }
        }

        public int Y
        {
            get { return mPosY; }
            set
            {
                mPosY = value;
                UpdateBounds();
            }
        }

        public int Width
        {
            get { return mWidth; }
            set
            {
                mWidth = value;
                UpdateBounds();
            }
        }

        public int Height
        {
            get { return mHeight; }
            set
            {
                mHeight = value;
                UpdateBounds();
            }
        }

        public Rectangle Bounds
        {
            get { return mBounds; }
        }

        //*************************************************************
        //Methods
        //*************************************************************
        public void Draw(Graphics g, int x, int y)
        {
            Brush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Blue);
            g.FillRectangle(brush, x, y, mWidth, mHeight);
            brush.Dispose();
        }
        public void MoveLeft()
        {
            mPosX -= mSpeed;
            UpdateBounds();
        }

        public void MoveRight()
        {
            mPosX += mSpeed;
            UpdateBounds();
        }

        private void UpdateBounds()
        {
            mBounds = new Rectangle(mPosX, mPosY, mWidth, mHeight);
        }

    }
}

@Anton Thoughts on my paddle class

using System;
using System.Drawing;


namespace Breakout
{
    internal class Paddle
    {
        //*************************************************************
        //Fields
        //*************************************************************
        private int mWidth;
        private int mHeight;
        private int mPosX;
        private int mPosY;
        private int mSpeed;
        private Rectangle mBounds;

        //*************************************************************
        //Constructors
        //*************************************************************
        public Paddle(int x, int y, int width, int height, int speed)
        {
            X = x;
            Y = y;
            Width = width;
            Height = height;
            Speed = speed;
        }

        //*************************************************************
        //Properties
        //*************************************************************
        public int X { get; private set; }
        public int Y { get; private set; }
        public int Width { get; private set; }
        public int Height { get; private set; }
        public int Speed { get; private set; }
        public Rectangle GetBounds()
        {
            return new Rectangle(X, Y, Width, Height);
        }
        //*************************************************************
        //Methods
        //*************************************************************
        public void Draw(Graphics g, Color color)
        {
            Brush brush = new SolidBrush(color);
            g.FillRectangle(brush, X, Y, Width, Height);
            brush.Dispose();
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Drawing;


namespace Breakout
{
    internal class Paddle
    {
        //*************************************************************
        //Fields
        //*************************************************************
        private int mWidth;
        private int mHeight;
        private int mPosX;
        private int mPosY;
        private int mSpeed;
        private Rectangle mBounds;

        //*************************************************************
        //Constructors
        //*************************************************************
        public Paddle(int x, int y, int width, int height, int speed)
        {
            X = x;
            Y = y;
            Width = width;
            Height = height;
            Speed = speed;
        }

        //*************************************************************
        //Properties
        //*************************************************************
        public int X { get; private set; }
        public int Y { get; private set; }
        public int Width { get; private set; }
        public int Height { get; private set; }
        public int Speed { get; private set; }
        public Rectangle GetBounds()
        {
            return new Rectangle(X, Y, Width, Height);
        }
        //*************************************************************
        //Methods
        //*************************************************************
        public void Draw(Graphics g, Color color)
        {
            Brush brush = new SolidBrush(color);
            g.FillRectangle(brush, X, Y, Width, Height);
            brush.Dispose();
        }
    }
}

I've shortened it a bit

Anton•3w ago

just store the rectangle keep the brush around in a field but I'm not a fan of mixing up game logic and visual logic

Array•3w ago

You think I should just put everything in the main form?

Anton•3w ago

No, this ideally needs a redesign Separating logic from view But don't focus on that, because it's more complicated than just moving some code around Keep doing what you're doing

Array•3w ago

@Anton have a small question but remember how I said the game needs Bricks that never disappear • Bricks that require multiple hits in order to disappear (maybe change colour) • Bricks that change the ball speed or size (speed up or slow down) • Bricks that drop items when hit that when caught by a paddle, a paddle effect is added (such as longer or shorter paddle, ability to fire bullets at bricks) would i code that in this class I have a brick and a bricks class, here is brick:

using System;
using System.Drawing;

namespace Breakout
{
    //*************************************************************
    //Enums
    //*************************************************************
    public enum BrickTypes { None };
    internal class Brick
    {
        //*************************************************************
        //Fields
        //*************************************************************
        private BrickTypes mBrickType;

        //*************************************************************
        //Constructors
        //*************************************************************
        public Brick()
        {

        }

        //*************************************************************
        //Properties
        //*************************************************************


        //*************************************************************
        //Methods
        //*************************************************************
        public void Draw(Graphics g, int x, int y)
        {
            //this draws the Brick on the surface g at
            //the location x and y 
        }

    }
}

using System;
using System.Drawing;

namespace Breakout
{
    //*************************************************************
    //Enums
    //*************************************************************
    public enum BrickTypes { None };
    internal class Brick
    {
        //*************************************************************
        //Fields
        //*************************************************************
        private BrickTypes mBrickType;

        //*************************************************************
        //Constructors
        //*************************************************************
        public Brick()
        {

        }

        //*************************************************************
        //Properties
        //*************************************************************


        //*************************************************************
        //Methods
        //*************************************************************
        public void Draw(Graphics g, int x, int y)
        {
            //this draws the Brick on the surface g at
            //the location x and y 
        }

    }
}

this is bricks

using System;
using System.Drawing;

namespace Breakout
{
    //*************************************************************
    //Enums
    //*************************************************************

    internal class Bricks
    {
        //*************************************************************
        //Fields
        //*************************************************************
        private Brick[,] mBricks;

        //*************************************************************
        //Constructors
        //*************************************************************
        public Bricks()
        {

        }

        //*************************************************************
        //Properties
        //*************************************************************


        //*************************************************************
        //Methods
        //*************************************************************
        public void Draw(Graphics g, int x, int y)
        {
            //this draws the Brick on the surface g at
            //the location x and y 
        }

    }
}

using System;
using System.Drawing;

namespace Breakout
{
    //*************************************************************
    //Enums
    //*************************************************************

    internal class Bricks
    {
        //*************************************************************
        //Fields
        //*************************************************************
        private Brick[,] mBricks;

        //*************************************************************
        //Constructors
        //*************************************************************
        public Bricks()
        {

        }

        //*************************************************************
        //Properties
        //*************************************************************


        //*************************************************************
        //Methods
        //*************************************************************
        public void Draw(Graphics g, int x, int y)
        {
            //this draws the Brick on the surface g at
            //the location x and y 
        }

    }
}

there are 2 classes - one called Bricks and one called Brick - one of them has like a 2d Array of bricks as a private variable (bricks) private Brick[,] mBricks; The other is just Brickbut this one is a better weird cause it has the enum public enum BrickTypes { None }; I'm guessing Brick is used to like identify which bricks drop items through the enum? Whereas Bricks is to paint the objects on the board is that right

Anton•3w ago

you're probably right though this approach isn't oop at all you should have an interface for applying the effect on destruction and define an implementation for each of the behaviors and then make the brick contain one of these in a field that would be oop but don't subclass Brick for this, that's dumb

Array•3w ago

Yeah it’s kinda strange since I can’t add anymore classes 🫠

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Help designing classes for a game