C#•12mo ago

Casting, reflection or?

I'm trying to write a simple lib for consuming a few JSON API endpoints and processing their contents with callbacks. I'm trying to cast the "parsed" variable to its actual class (as it is known during runtime). Psuedo code as follows:

public interface IType
{
    public string Type { get; set; }
}

public class TypeA : IType
{
    public string Type { get; set; }
    public string FancyA { get; set; }
}

public class TypeB : IType
{
    public string Type { get; set; }
    public string FancyB { get; set; }
}

void Get(json)
{
    var x = GetJson;
    IType returnObject = null;

    switch(x.GetType)
    {
        "TypeA":
            returnObject = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<TypeA>(x);
            break;
        "TypeB":
            returnObject = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<TypeB>(x);
            break;
    }
    return returnObject;
}

void DoParse()
{

    var callbacks = Dictionary<string, Action<IType>> { ("TypeA", DoStuffTypeA) };

    while(true)
    {
        var content = Retrieve();
        var parsed = Get(content);

        var callback = callbacks[parsed.Type]
        callback.Invoke(parsed)
    }
}

// Works
void DoStuffTypeA(IType content)
{
    //...    
}


// Doesn't work
void DoStuffTypeA(TypeA content)
{
    //...
}

public interface IType
{
    public string Type { get; set; }
}

public class TypeA : IType
{
    public string Type { get; set; }
    public string FancyA { get; set; }
}

public class TypeB : IType
{
    public string Type { get; set; }
    public string FancyB { get; set; }
}

void Get(json)
{
    var x = GetJson;
    IType returnObject = null;

    switch(x.GetType)
    {
        "TypeA":
            returnObject = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<TypeA>(x);
            break;
        "TypeB":
            returnObject = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<TypeB>(x);
            break;
    }
    return returnObject;
}

void DoParse()
{

    var callbacks = Dictionary<string, Action<IType>> { ("TypeA", DoStuffTypeA) };

    while(true)
    {
        var content = Retrieve();
        var parsed = Get(content);

        var callback = callbacks[parsed.Type]
        callback.Invoke(parsed)
    }
}

// Works
void DoStuffTypeA(IType content)
{
    //...    
}


// Doesn't work
void DoStuffTypeA(TypeA content)
{
    //...
}

Is this just impossible or am I implenting this stuff wrong?

44 Replies

Jimmacle•12mo ago

what does the json look like? AFAIK STJ supports using a discriminator value for serializing subclasses

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

What is STJ?

Jimmacle•12mo ago

System.Text.Json the C# json library

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

All of the psuede code works, Except for when I try to run the "callback" with the TypeA signature I don't know why it doesn't accept the implementation of an interface

Jimmacle•12mo ago

you mean in your dictionary? because the signature isn't compatible your dictionary holds Action<IType> you can't give it a method that only accepts a specific implementation

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

I tried changing that ot Action<Object> but that also didn't take

Jimmacle•12mo ago

if it's specialized, just cast it inside the method

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

Hmm I've been doing that but just think that is ulgy

Jimmacle•12mo ago

but this code looks off to me in general which is why i was asking what the json actually looks like why are you getting the type of whatever GetJson returns and using that to decide how to deserialize?

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

It can be a lot of stuff, there are 2 commons fields but otherwise there can be objects in there, strings bools what have you

Jimmacle•12mo ago

so it's completely dynamic and not a fixed set of possible models?

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

There is a fixed set

Jimmacle•12mo ago

you should model that properly in your code

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

How would I go about doing that?

Jimmacle•12mo ago

i don't know, your Get method doesn't make sense the way i'm looking at it

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

Its on a websocket, so all models can come in whenever

Jimmacle•12mo ago

how do you know which type a message is?

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

Like so

var jsonObject = JsonDocument.Parse(inputJson);
var jsonString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(inputJson.ToArray());
var responseContent = new JsonElement();

IType returnObject = null;

if (jsonObject.RootElement.TryGetProperty("error", out JsonElement error))

var jsonObject = JsonDocument.Parse(inputJson);
var jsonString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(inputJson.ToArray());
var responseContent = new JsonElement();

IType returnObject = null;

if (jsonObject.RootElement.TryGetProperty("error", out JsonElement error))

And other "TryGetProperties" for other "top-level" action indicators

Jimmacle•12mo ago

so there is no actual discriminator, you just have to see if it looks like a certain type?

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

Correct

Jimmacle•12mo ago

that's gross do you have control over that?

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

if (jsonObject.RootElement.TryGetProperty("action", out JsonElement jsonAction))
{
    switch (jsonAction.ToString())
    {
        case "getTime":
        xx
        case "getWindow":
        xx

if (jsonObject.RootElement.TryGetProperty("action", out JsonElement jsonAction))
{
    switch (jsonAction.ToString())
    {
        case "getTime":
        xx
        case "getWindow":
        xx

And such

Jimmacle•12mo ago

that looks exactly like the discriminator i'm asking about, is action not always present in a normal message?

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

Jimmacle•12mo ago

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

Wait I'll double check to be sure It's only the "error" and "action" ones but maybe "error" has "action"

Jimmacle•12mo ago

i would try to find a good candidate for a discriminator because then you can use that with STJ's polymorphic serialization

Jimmacle•12mo ago

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/serialization/system-text-json/polymorphism?pivots=dotnet-8-0

How to serialize properties of derived classes with System.Text.Jso...

Learn how to serialize polymorphic objects while serializing to and deserializing from JSON in .NET.

Jimmacle•12mo ago

then all you have to do to handle each message is let STJ deserialize it then pattern match on the type

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

Ah, I initially wrote this in .net 6

Jimmacle•12mo ago

should still be available

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

"Beginning with .NET 7, System.Text.Json supports polymorphic type hierarchy serialization and deserialization with attribute annotations."

Jimmacle•12mo ago

or not

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

I can update no problem, so I'll read this thx 🙂 But even with this, I'd still be casting in the DoStuffTypeA right This is simplifying the parsing, not the typing

Jimmacle•12mo ago

correct, you'd still have to decide what to do based on what the message is which i wouldn't use a dictionary for at all, just pattern match

switch (msg)
{
    case MsgA a:
      DoSomething(a);
      break;
    case MsgB b:
      DoSomethingElse(b)
      break;
}

switch (msg)
{
    case MsgA a:
      DoSomething(a);
      break;
    case MsgB b:
      DoSomethingElse(b)
      break;
}

etc

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

its a lib, so that wouldn't work As I'd have to know the methods used in the program beforehand That's why I use the dict

Jimmacle•12mo ago

do you know the messages beforehand or can those also be different?

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

Which ones do you mean?

Jimmacle•12mo ago

the ones you're deserializing

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

those I know beforehand Except if the API changes, then I'd have to update the lib But that is fine

Jimmacle•12mo ago

so you could also just have a class that holds callbacks that the user can set individually like

class Handlers
{
  Action<MsgA> A { get; set; }
  Action<MsgB> B { get; set; }
}

class Handlers
{
  Action<MsgA> A { get; set; }
  Action<MsgB> B { get; set; }
}

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

That would work

Jimmacle•12mo ago

it avoids the problem of having to find a common signature for all the handlers

PannekoekjeOP•12mo ago

As well as not having to do reflection I stayed away from that type of implementation because I'd have to double everything (in .net 6) but seeing as this new feature will probably reduce my parsing file from 300 lines to a 20 line function, that'd be fine Guess I have a little rewrite to do, thanks :)!

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Casting, reflection or?